Biomarkers

Individual blood and urine markers explained: what they mean, typical reference ranges, and what may affect them.

• High Creatinine Levels: What They May Mean
  An overview of what creatinine measures, common reasons it may be elevated, and what next steps your clinician might consider.
• Normal Vitamin D Range: How to Read Your 25-OH Vitamin D Result
  Understand what 25-hydroxy vitamin D measures, common reference ranges, and what low or high values may indicate.
• Hemoglobin: What It Measures and Common Ranges
  Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Learn what it measures, typical ranges, and what abnormal values may indicate.
• Creatinine: A Marker of Kidney Function
  Creatinine is a waste product filtered by the kidneys and is used to estimate kidney function. Learn what the value means and common ranges.
• Vitamin D (25-OH): What It Measures
  25-hydroxy vitamin D is the most common marker of vitamin D status. Learn what the value reflects and typical interpretation bands.